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Compare Western Sahara (2008) - Bermuda (2002)

Compare Western Sahara (2008) z Bermuda (2002)

 Western Sahara (2008)Bermuda (2002)
 Western SaharaBermuda
Administrative divisions none (under de facto control of Morocco) 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick
Age structure 0-14 years: 45.4% (male 88,176/female 85,421)


15-64 years: 52.3% (male 98,345/female 101,895)


65 years and over: 2.3% (male 3,705/female 5,075) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,058; female 6,225)


15-64 years: 69.4% (male 21,950; female 22,442)


65 years and over: 11.4% (male 3,163; female 4,122) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads); fish bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports 9 (2007) 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2007)
total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2007)
-
Area total: 266,000 sq km


land: 266,000 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 53.3 sq km


land: 53.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about the size of Colorado about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Background Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed. In April 2007, Morocco presented an autonomy plan for the territory to the UN, which the U.S. considers serious and credible. The Polisario also presented a plan to the UN in 2007. Since August 2007, representatives from the Government of Morocco and the Polisario Front have met three times to negotiate the status of Western Sahara, with a fourth round of negotiations planned for March 2008. Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate NA 39.95 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 11.82 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA
revenues: $609.5 million


expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY00/01)
Capital none


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Hamilton
Climate hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline 1,110 km 103 km
Constitution - 8 June 1968, amended 1989
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Western Sahara


former: Spanish Sahara
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Bermuda


former: Somers Islands
Currency - Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate NA 7.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $NA $145 million (FY99/00)
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US none chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr.


consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVQ3


mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300


telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342


FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
Diplomatic representation in the US none none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whose sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, administered by the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals; several states have extended diplomatic relations to the "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" represented by the Polisario Front in exile in Algeria, while others recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara; most of the approximately 102,000 Sahrawi refugees are sheltered in camps in Tindouf, Algeria none
Economic aid - recipient $NA $NA
Economy - overview Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. Incomes in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level. The Moroccan Government controls all trade and other economic activities in Western Sahara. Morocco and the EU signed a four-year agreement in July 2006 allowing European vessels to fish off the coast of Morocco, including the disputed waters off the coast of Western Sahara. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. However, in 2006 the Polisario awarded similar exploration licenses in the disputed territory, which would come into force if Morocco and the Polisario resolve their dispute over Western Sahara. Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's already weakening tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been further hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Most capital equipment and food must be imported, with the US serving as the primary source of goods, followed by the UK. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.
Electricity - consumption 79.05 million kWh (2005) 553.35 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 85 million kWh (2005) 595 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m


highest point: unnamed location 463 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues sparse water and lack of arable land asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Environment - international agreements party to: none of the selected agreements


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
-
Ethnic groups Arab, Berber black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.2827 (2007), 8.7722 (2006), 8.865 (2005), 8.868 (2004), 9.5744 (2003) Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch none chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002)


head of government: Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998)


cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) $51 million (2000)
Exports - commodities phosphates 62% reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006) EU excluding UK 77.9%, US 9.8%, UK 6.9% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: 40%
agriculture: 1%


industry: 10%


services: 89% (1995 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $34,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 2.9% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 24 30 N, 13 00 W 32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways - total: 450 km


paved: 450 km


unpaved: 0 km


note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports 1,698 bbl/day (2004) $719 million (2000)
Imports - commodities fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006) EU excluding UK 35.4%, US 17.8%, UK 15.4%, Russia 14.6% (1999)
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries phosphate mining, handicrafts tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
9.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% 3% (July 2001)
International organization participation none Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 20 (2000)
Irrigated land NA NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force 12,000 37,472 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 50%


industry and services: 50%
clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,046 km


border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 0.02%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 99.98% (2005)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)
Languages Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic English (official), Portuguese
Legal system - English law
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last general election held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
total population: 77.3 years


male: 75.21 years


female: 79.27 years (2002 est.)
Literacy NA definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 98%


female: 99% (1970 est.)
Location Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Map references Africa North America
Maritime claims contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 102 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,485,450 GRT/8,782,869 DWT


ships by type: bulk 28, cargo 4, container 16, liquefied gas 6, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 3


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $4,027,970 (January 2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.11% (FY00/01)
National holiday - Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)


adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian
noun: Bermudian(s)


adjective: Bermudian
Natural hazards hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources phosphates, iron ore limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate - 2.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders - National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]
Political pressure groups and leaders none Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Population 382,617


note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility, mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data from neighboring countries (July 2007 est.)
63,960 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate NA 0.69% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 82,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions Muslim non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio NA at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: sparse and limited system


domestic: NA


international: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco
general assessment: NA


domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system


international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use about 2,000 (1999 est.) 52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1999) 7,980 (1996)
Television broadcast stations NA 3 (1997)
Terrain mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate NA 1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 4.5% (1993)
Waterways - none
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